Daniel: Hebrew and Aramaic

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:11a (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וַיֹּאמֶר דָּנִיֵּאל אֶל־הַמֶּלְצַר

Transliteration (Accordance):

wayyōʾmer dānı̂ēʾl ʾel-hammelṣar

Translation (Collins):

Daniel said to the superintendent

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וַיֹּאמֶר דָּנִיֵּאל (wayyōʾmer dānı̂ēʾl) : consecutive ו (waw) + Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of אָמַר (ʾāmar) + proper name דָּנִיֵּאל (dānı̂ēʾl) : then Daniel said.
אֶל־הַמֶּלְצַר (ʾel-hammelṣar) : preposition אֶל (ʾel) + definite article + noun מֶלְצַר (melṣar) : to the superintendent.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:11b (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

אֲשֶׁר מִנָּה שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (Collins):

whom the chief of the eunuchs had appointed

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

אֲשֶׁר מִנָּה () : relative אֲשֶׁר () + Piel perfect 3 m.s. of מָנָה (mānāh) : whom ... had appointed.
שַׂר (śar) : construct : the chief of.
הַסָּרִיסִים (hassārı̂sı̂m) : definite article + plural of סָרִיס (sārı̂s) : the eunuchs.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:11c (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

עַל־דָּנִיֵּאל חֲנַנְיָה מִישָׁאֵל וַעֲזַרְיָה

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (Collins):

over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

עַל־דָּנִיֵּאל (ʿal-dānı̂ēʾl) : preposition עַל (ʿal) + proper name דָּנִיֵּאל (dānı̂ēʾl) : over Daniel.
חֲנַנְיָה (ḥᵃnanyāh) : Hananiah.
מִישָׁאֵל () : Mishael.
וַעֲזַרְיָה (waʿᵃzaryāh ) : conjunction ו (waw) + proper name : and Azariah.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:12a (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

נַס־נָא אֶת־עֲבָדֶיךָ יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (Collins):

Please test your servants for ten days.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

נַס־נָא (nas-nāʾ) : Piel imperative 2 m.s. of נָסָה (nāsāh) + particle of entreaty נָא (nāʾ) : test, please.
אֶת־עֲבָדֶיךָ () : direct object indicator אֶת (ʾeṯ) + plural of עֶבֶד (ʿeḇeḏ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your servants.
יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה (yāmı̂m ʿᵃśārāh) : plural of יוֹם () + numeral עֲשָׂרָה (ʿᵃśārāh) : ten days.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:12b (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וְיִתְּנוּ־לָנוּ מִן־הַזֵּרֹעִים וְנֹאכְלָה וּמַיִם וְנִשְׁתֶּה

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (Collins):

Let us have some vegetables to eat and some water to drink.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וְיִתְּנוּ־לָנוּ () : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Qal imperfect 3 m.p. of נָתַן (nāṯan) + preposition לְ (lᵉ) + pronominal 1 c.p. suffix : and let be given to us.
מִן־הַזֵּרֹעִים (min-hazzērōʿı̂m) : preposition מִן (min) + definite article + plural of זֵרֹעַ (zērōaʿ) : some vegetables.
וְנֹאכְלָה (wᵉnōʾḵlāh) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Qal imperfect 1 c.p. of אָכַל (ʾāḵal) + cohortative ה (h) : to eat.
וּמַיִם () : conjunction וּ () + noun מַיִם (mayim) : and water.
וְנִשְׁתֶּה () : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Qal imperfect 1 c.p. of שָׁתָה () + cohortative ה (h) : to drink.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:13a (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וְיֵרָאוּ לְפָנֶיךָ מַרְאֵינוּ

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (WEB):

Then let our faces be looked on before you

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וְיֵרָאוּ () : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + Niphal imperfect 3 m.p. of רָאָה (rāʾāh) : then let ... be looked on.
לְפָנֶיךָ () : prep. לְ (lᵉ) + plural of פָּנֶה (pāneh) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : before you.
מַרְאֵינוּ () : noun מַרְאָה (marʾāh) + 1 c.p. suffix : our appearance.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:13b (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וּמַרְאֵה הַיְלָדִים הָאֹכְלִים אֵת פַּתְבַּג הַמֶּלֶךְ

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (Collins):

and the appearance of the youths who eat the royal fare

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וּמַרְאֵה () : conj. וּ () + construct מַרְאֵה () : and the appearance of
הַיְלָדִים (hayᵉlāḏı̂m) : definite article + plural of יֶלֶד (yeleḏ) : the youths.
הָאֹכְלִים (hāʾōḵᵉlı̂m) : definite article + Qal m.p. participle of אָכַל (ʾāḵal) : who eat.
אֵת פַּתְבַּג (ʾēṯ paṯbag̱) : direct object indicator אֵת (ʾēṯ) + construct of פַתְּבָּג (p̱attᵉbāg̱) : the special food of.
הַמֶּלֶךְ (hammeleḵ) : definite article + noun מֶלֶךְ (meleḵ) : the king.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:13c (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וְכַאֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֵה עֲשֵׂה עִם־עֲבָדֶיךָ

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (Collins):

and do with your servants according to what you see

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וְכַאֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֵה () : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + prep. כְּ (kᵉ) + relative אֲשֶׁר () + Qal imperfect 2 m.s. of רָאָה (rāʾāh) : and according to what you see.
עֲשֵׂה () : Qal imperative 2 m.s. of עָשָׂה (ʿāśāh) : do.
עִם־עֲבָדֶיךָ () : prep. עִם (ʿim) + noun עֶבֶד (ʿeḇeḏ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : with your servants.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:14a (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וַיִּשְׁמַע לָהֶם לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (Collins):

He acceded to their request in this matter

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וַיִּשְׁמַע () : consecutive ו (waw) + Qal imperfect 3 m.p. of שָׁמַע () : and he assented.
לָהֶם (lāhem) : prep. לְ (lᵉ) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : to them.
לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה (laddāḇār hazzeh) : prep. לְ (lᵉ) + definite article + noun דָּבָר (dāḇār) + definite article + demonstrative adjective זֶּה (zeh) : in this matter.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:14b (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וַיְנַסֵּם יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה

Transliteration (Accordance):

wayᵉnassēm yāmı̂m ʿᵃśārāh

Translation (Collins):

and he tested them for ten days

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וַיְנַסֵּם (wayᵉnassēm) : consecutive ו (waw) + Piel imperfect 3 m.s. of נָסָה (nāsāh) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : and he tested them.
יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה (yāmı̂m ʿᵃśārāh) : plural of יוֹם () + numeral עֲשָׂרָה (ʿᵃśārāh) : ten days.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:15a (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וּמִקְצָת יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה נִרְאָה מַרְאֵיהֶם טוֹב

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (Collins):

After ten days their appearance was better

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וּמִקְצָת () : conj. וּ () + prep. מִן (min) + construct קְצָת (qᵉṣāṯ) : at the end of.
יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה (yāmı̂m ʿᵃśārāh) : plural of יוֹם () + numeral עֲשָׂרָה (ʿᵃśārāh) : ten days.
נִרְאָה (nirʾāh) : Niphal perfect 3 m.s of רָאָה (rāʾāh) : [their appearance] was seen.
מַרְאֵיהֶם () + prep. מִן (min) + noun מַרְאָה (marʾāh) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : their appearance.
טוֹב () : comparative after מִן (min) [above] : [as] better.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:15b (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וּבְרִיאֵי בָּשָׂר מִן־כָּל־הַיְלָדִים הָאֹכְלִים אֵת פַּתְבַּג הַמֶּלֶךְ

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (Collins):

and they were fatter than all the youths who ate the royal fare

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וּבְרִיאֵי () : conj. וּ () + plural construct of בָּרִיא (bārı̂ʾ) : and [they were] fatter of.
בָּשָׂר (bāśār) : flesh.
מִן־כָּל (min-kol) : prep. מִן (min) + construct of כֹּל (kōl) : than all.
הַיְלָדִים (hayᵉlāḏı̂m) : definite article + plural of יֶלֶד (yeleḏ) : the youths.
הָאֹכְלִים (hāʾōḵᵉlı̂m) : definite article + Qal m.p. participle of אָכַל (ʾāḵal) : who ate.
אֵת פַּתְבַּג (ʾēṯ paṯbag̱) : direct object indicator אֵת (ʾēṯ) + construct of פַתְּבָּג (p̱attᵉbāg̱) : the special food of.
הַמֶּלֶךְ (hammeleḵ) : definite article + noun מֶלֶךְ (meleḵ) : the king.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:16a (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וַיְהִי הַמֶּלְצַר נֹשֵׂא אֶת־פַּתְבָּגָם

Transliteration (Accordance):

wayᵉhı̂ hammelṣar nōśēʾ ʾeṯ-paṯbāg̱ām

Translation (NRSV):

So the guard continued to withdraw their royal rations

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וַיְהִי (wayᵉhı̂) : consecutive ו (wawı̂) + Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of הָיָה (hāyāh) : and so
הַמֶּלְצַר (hammelṣar) : definite article + Babylonian title מֶלְצָר (melṣar) : the overseer (HALOT).
נֹשֵׂא (nōśēʾ) : Qal participle of נָשָׂא (nāśāʾ) : continued to withdraw.
אֶת־פַּתְבָּגָם (ʾeṯ-paṯbāg̱ām) : direct object indicator + אֶת (ʾeṯ) + פַּתְבָּגָ (paṯbāg̱) + pronominal 3 m.s. suffix : their royal rations.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:16b (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וְיֵין מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם

Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (NRSV):

and the wine they were to drink

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וְיֵין מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם () : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + construct of יַיִן (yayin) + plural of מִשְׁתֶּה () + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : and the wine of their drinks.

[John Reece]

Daniel 1:16c (Hebrew)

Text (BHS):

וְנֹתֵן לָהֶם זֵרְעֹנִים

Transliteration (Accordance):

wᵉnōṯēn lāhem zērᵉʿōnı̂m

Translation (Collins):

and give them vegetables

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וְנֹתֵן (wᵉnōṯēn) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + Qal participle of נָתַן (nāṯan) : and give
לָהֶם (lāhem) : prep. לְ (lᵉ) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : to them.
זֵרְעֹנִים (zērᵉʿōnı̂m) : : vegetables.