Revelation

[John Reece]

Revelation 4:4

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ κυκλόθεν τοῦ θρόνου θρόνους εἴκοσι τέσσαρες, καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς θρόνους εἴκοσι τέσσαρας πρεσβυτέρους καθημένους περιβεβλημένους ἐν ἱματίοις λευκοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν στεφάνους χρυσοῦς.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai kyklothen tou thronou thronous eikosi tessares, kai epi tous thronous eikosi tessaras presbyterous kathēmenous peribeblēmenous en himatiois leukois kai epi tas kephalas autōn stephanous chrysous.

Translation (ESV):

Around the throne were twenty-four thrones, and seated on the thrones were twenty-four elders, clothed in white garments, with golden crowns on their heads.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

καί : supply εἶδον and I saw.
εἴκοσι τέσσαρες = 24
περιβεβλημένους : perfect passive participle of περιβεβλημένους put on or around one ; perfect passive wear.
ἱμάτιον : (outer) garment.
λευκός : white.
στέφανος : crown
χρυσοῦς, -ῆ, -οῦν (genitive -σοῦ) : of gold.

[John Reece]

Revelation 4:5

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ἐκ τοῦ θρόνου ἐκπορεύονται ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί, καὶ ἑπτὰ λαμπάδες πυρὸς καιόμεναι ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου, ἅ εἰσιν τὰ ἑπτὰ πνεύματα τοῦ θεοῦ

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai ek tou thronou ekporeuontai astrapai kai phōnai kai brontai, kai hepta lampades pyros kaiomenai enōpion tou thronou, ha eisin ta hepta pneumata tou theou

Translation (ESV):

Coming from the throne are flashes of lightning, and rumblings and peals of thunder, and in front of the throne burn seven flaming torches, which are the seven spirits of God

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἐκπορεύομαι : issue, go out.
ἀστραπή : lightening, plural flashes of lightening.
βροντή : thunder, plural peals of thunder, thunder-claps.
λαμπάς, -άδος, ἡ : torch.
καιόμεναι : passive participle of καίω set on fire ; passive intransitive burn.

[John Reece]

Revelation 4:6

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου ὡς θάλασσα ὑαλίνη ὁμοία κρυστάλλῳ. Καὶ ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ κύκλῳ τοῦ θρόνου τέσσαρα ζῷα γέμοντα ὀφθαλμῶν ἔμπροσθεν καὶ ὄπισθεν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai enōpion tou thronou hōs thalassa hyalinē homoia krystallō̧. Kai en mesō̧ tou thronou kai kyklō̧ tou thronou tessara zō̧a gemonta ophthalmōn emprosthen kai opisthen.

Translation (ESV):

and before the throne there was as it were a sea of glass, like crystal. And around the throne, on each side of the throne, are four living creatures, full of eyes in front and behind:

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ὑάλινος : (< ὕαλος glass) of glass.
κρύσταλλος : crystal.
μέσος : middle, ἐν μέσῳ with article as often with prepositional phrases.
κύκλος : circle , dative κύκλῳ as adverb in a circle, round about, like κυκλόθεν used as preposition with genitive.
τέσσαρες = 4.
ζῷον : animal, here living creature (Ezekiel 1:5f.)
γέμοντα : participle of γέμω (τινός), be full of (something).
ἔμπροσθεν : in front.
ὄπισθεν : behind.

[John Reece]

Revelation 4:7

Text: (NA27):

καὶ τὸ ζῷον τὸ πρῶτον ὅμοιον λέοντι καὶ τὸ δεύτερον ζῷον ὅμοιον μόσχῳ καὶ τὸ τρίτον ζῷον ἔχων τὸ πρόσωπον ὡς ἀνθρώπου καὶ τὸ τέταρτον ζῷον ὅμοιον ἀετῷ πετομένῳ.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai to zō̧on to prōton homoion leonti kai to deuteron zō̧on homoion moschō̧ kai to triton zō̧on echōn to prosōpon hōs anthrōpou kai to tetarton zō̧on homoion aetō̧ petomenō̧.

Translation (WEB):

The first creature was like a lion, and the second creature like a calf, and the third creature had a face like a man, and the fourth was like a flying eagle.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

λέων -οντος, ὁ : lion
δεύτερος : second.
μόσχος : calf.
τρίτος : third.
τέταρτος : fourth
ἀετός : eagle.
πετομένῳ : participle of πέτομαι fly.

[John Reece]

Revelation 4:8

Text: (NA27):
Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (WEB):
Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἓν καθ᾿ ἓν : each (one).
ἀνά : distributive each, apiece.
πτέρυξ -υγος, ἡ : wing.
ἕξ = 6.
κυκλόθεν : adverb around.
ἔσωθεν : [from) within/inside.
ἀνάπαυσις : rest, ἀνάπαυσιν οὐκ ἔχουσιν ... λέγοντες they cry without ceasing.
ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτὸς : (by) day and (by) night, genitive of time within which. ἅγιος : predicate holy.
παντοκράτωρ -ορος, ὁ : all-mighty, all-sovereign.
ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος : see 1:4.

[John Reece]

Revelation 4:9

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ὅταν δώσουσιν τὰ ζῷα δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν καὶ εὐχαριστίαν τῷ καθημένῳ ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ τῷ ζῶντι εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai hotan dōsousin ta zō̧a doxan kai timēn kai eucharistian tō̧ kathēmenō̧ epi tō̧ thronō̧ tō̧ zōnti eis tous aiōnas tōn aiōnōn,

Translation (WEB):

When the living creatures give glory, honor, and thanks to him who sits on the throne, to him who lives forever and ever

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

δώσουσιν : future of δίδωμι, future for subjunctive after ὅταν when ; together with the three futures in verse 10, this future may represent a Hebrew imperfect (= present) whenever they give... etc.
τιμή : honor.
εὐχαριστία : thanksgiving.
καθημένῳ : to him who sits, participle of κάθημαι.
ζῶντι : to him who lives, participle of ζάω.
εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων : for ever and ever.

[John Reece]

Revelation 4:10

Text: (NA27):

πεσοῦνται οἱ εἴκοσι τέσσαρες πρεσβύτεροι ἐνώπιον τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ προσκυνήσουσιν τῷ ζῶντι εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων καὶ βαλοῦσιν τοὺς στεφάνους αὐτῶν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου λέγοντες

Transliteration (Accordance):

pesountai hoi eikosi tessares presbyteroi enōpion tou kathēmenou epi tou thronou kai proskynēsousin tō̧ zōnti eis tous aiōnas tōn aiōnōn kai balousin tous stephanous autōn enōpion tou thronou legontes

Translation (NRSV):

the twenty-four elders fall before the one who is seated on the throne and worship the one who lives forever and ever; they cast their crowns before the throne, singing,

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

πεσοῦνται : future of πίπτω fall.
εἴκοσι τέσσαρες = 24.
προσκυνήσουσιν : future of προσκυνέω (τινί) prostrate oneself before (one), worship..
βαλοῦσιν : future of βάλλω throw.
στέφανος : crown.

[John Reece]

Revelation 4:11

Text: (NA27):

ἄξιος εἶ, ὁ κύριος καὶ ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν, λαβεῖν τὴν δόξαν καὶ τὴν τιμὴν καὶ τὴν δύναμιν, ὅτι σὺ ἔκτισας τὰ πάντα καὶ διὰ τὸ θέλημά σου ἦσαν καὶ ἐκτίσθησαν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

axios ei, ho kyrios kai ho theos hēmōn, labein tēn doxan kai tēn timēn kai tēn dynamin, hoti sy ektisas ta panta kai dia to thelēma sou ēsan kai ektisthēsan.

Translation (NRSV):
Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἄξιος : worthy.
ὁ κύριος : vocative.
λαβεῖν : aorist infinitive of λαμβάνω receive.
ἔκτισας : aorist of κτίζω create.
διά : by reason of.
ἦσαν : existed.
ἐκτίσθησαν : aorist passive of κτίζω.

[John Reece]

Revelation 5:1

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ εἶδον ἐπὶ τὴν δεξιὰν τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου βιβλίον γεγραμμένον ἔσωθεν καὶ ὄπισθεν κατεσφραγισμένον σφραγῖσιν ἑπτά.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai eidon epi tēn dexian tou kathēmenou epi tou thronou biblion gegrammenon esōthen kai opisthen katesphragismenon sphragisin hepta.

Translation (NRSV):

Then I saw in the right hand of the one seated on the throne a scroll written on the inside and on the back, sealed with seven seals

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

δεξιός : right, δεξιά (sc. χείρ) right (hand).
καθημένου : one seated, participle of κάθημαι sit.
βιβλίονpapyrus roll, book.
γεγραμμένον : perfect passive participle of γράφω write.
ἔσωθεν : (from) inside.
ὄπισθεν : (from) behind, on the back.
κατεσφραγισμένον : perfect passive participle of κατασφραγίζω (< κατά perfective + σφραγίς) seal up.
σφραγίς, -ῖδος, ἡ : seal.

[John Reece]

Revelation 5:2

Text: (NA27):
Transliteration (Accordance):

kai eidon aggelon ischyron kēryssonta en phōnȩ̄ megalȩ̄; tis axios anoixai to biblion kai lysai tas sphragidas autou?

Translation (NRSV):
Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἰσχυρός : strong, mighty.
κηρύσσοντα : participle of κηρύσσω proclaim.
ἄξιος : worthy.
ἀνοῖξαι : aorist infinitive of ἀνοίγω open.
λῦσαι : aorist infinitive of λύω loose ; release, hence break seals.

[John Reece]

Revelation 5:3

Text: (NA27):

καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ οὐδὲ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς οὐδὲ ὑποκάτω τῆς γῆς ἀνοῖξαι τὸ βιβλίον οὔτε βλέπειν αὐτό.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai oudeis edynato en tō̧ ouranō̧ oude epi tēs gēs oude hypokatō tēs gēs anoixai to biblion oute blepein auto.

Translation (NRSV):

And no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth was able to open the scroll or to look into it.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἐδύνατο : imperfect of δύναμαι be able.
ὑποκάτω : below, underneath ; used as preposition with genitive under.
βλέπειν : ?to look inside it.

[John Reece]

Revelation 5:4

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἔκλαιον πολύ, ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἄξιος εὑρέθη ἀνοῖξαι τὸ βιβλίον οὔτε βλέπειν αὐτό.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai eklaion poly, hoti oudeis axios heurethē anoixai to biblion oute blepein auto.

Translation (NRSV):

And I began to weep bitterly because no one was found worthy to open the scroll or to look into it.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἔκλαιον : imperfect of κλαίω weep.
εὑρέθη : aorist passive of εὑρίσκω find.

[John Reece]

Revelation 5:5

Text: (NA27):
Transliteration (Accordance):
Translation (NRSV):
Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

εἷς : for τίς.
κλαῖε : imperative of κλαίω weep.
ἐνίκησεν : aorist of νικάω conquer.
λέων, -οντος, ὁ : lion.
φυλή : tribe.
ῥίζα : root.
σφραγίς : seal.

[John Reece]

Revelation 5:6

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ εἶδον ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων καὶ ἐν μέσῳ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ἀρνίον ἑστηκὸς ὡς ἐσφαγμένον ἔχων κέρατα ἑπτὰ καὶ ὀφθαλμοὺς ἑπτὰ οἵ εἰσιν τὰ [ἑπτὰ] πνεύματα τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπεσταλμένοι εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai eidon en mesō̧ tou thronou kai tōn tessarōn zō̧ōn kai en mesō̧ tōn presbyterōn arnion hestēkos hōs esphagmenon echōn kerata hepta kai ophthalmous hepta hoi eisin ta [hepta] pneumata tou theou apestalmenoi eis pasan tēn gēn.

Translation (NRSV):

Then I saw between the throne and the four living creatures and among the elders a Lamb standing as if it had been slaughtered, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

μέσος : middle, ἐν μέσος in the middle, repeated is Semitic of between...and...
τέσσαρες = 4.
ζῷον: living creature.
ἀρνίον : lamb.
ἑστηκός : standing, perfect (intransitive with present meaning) neutral participle of ἵστημι.
ἐσφαγμένον : perfect passive participle of σφάζω slaughter, slay
κέρας, -ατος, τό : horn.
ἀπεσταλμένοι : perfect passive participle of ἀποστέλλω send.

[John Reece]

Revelation 5:7

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἦλθεν καὶ εἴληφεν ἐκ τῆς δεξιᾶς τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai ēlthen kai eilēphen ek tēs dexias tou kathēmenou epi tou thronou.

Translation (RSV):

and he went and took the scroll from the right hand of him who was seated on the throne.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

εἴληφεν : perfect of λαμβάνω take, aoristic perfect, sc. as object "the book".
καθημένου : participle of κάθημαι sit; ἐκ τῆς δεξιᾶς τοῦ καθημένου from the right hand of him who was seated.