Proverbs

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:1b

Text (BHS):

בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם יְשַׂמַּח־אָ֑ב

Transliteration (Accordance):

bēn ḥāḵām yᵉśammaḥ-ʾāḇ

Translation (Waltke):

A wise son makes his* father glad

*

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

בֵּ֣ן חָ֭כָם (bēn ḥāḵām) : noun בֵּ֣ן (bēn) + adjective חָ֭כָם (ḥāḵām) : a wise son.
יְשַׂמַּח־אָ֑ב (yᵉśammaḥ-ʾāḇ) : Piel perfect 3 m.s. of שָׂמַח (śāmaḥ) + noun אָ֑ב (āḇ) : makes glad [his]* father.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:1c

Text (BHS):

וּבֵ֥ן כְּ֝סִ֗יל תּוּגַ֥ת אִמּֽוֹ

Transliteration (Accordance):

Translation (Waltke):

but a foolish* son brings** grief*** to**** his mother.

**********A genitive of mediated object (IBHS, p. 144, P. 9.5.2d).

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וּבֵ֥ן כְּ֝סִ֗יל () : conj. וּ () + noun בֵ֥ן (ḇēn) + noun כְּ֝סִ֗יל (kᵉsı̂l) : but a son [who is] a fool.
תּוּגַ֥ת אִמּֽוֹ () : construct of תּוּגָה () (poetic) + אֵם (ʾēm) + 3 m.s. suffix : [is] a sorrow to his mother.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:2a

Text (BHS):

לֹא־י֭וֹעִילוּ אוֹצְר֣וֹת רֶ֑שַׁע

Transliteration (Accordance):

Translation (Waltke):

Treasures gained by wickedness are of no eternal value.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

לֹא־י֭וֹעִילוּ () : negation לֹא (lōʾ) + Hiphil imperfect 3 m.p. of יָעַל (yāʿal) : do not profit.
אוֹצְר֣וֹת רֶ֑שַׁע () : plural construct of אוֹצָר () + noun רֶשַׁע () : treasures gained by wickedness.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:2b

Text (BHS):

וּצְדָקָ֗ה תַּצִּ֥יל מִמָּֽוֶת

Transliteration (Accordance):

Translation (Waltke):

but righteousness* delivers from death.

*The feminine form of ṣdq to contrast with the masculine form of (see A. Berlin, The Dynamics of Biblical Parallelism

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וּצְדָקָ֗ה () : conjunction וּ () + noun צְדָקָ֗ה (ṣᵉḏāqāh) : but righteousness.
תַּצִּ֥יל (taṣṣı̂l) : Hiphil imperfect 3 f.s. of נָצַל (nāṣal) : delivers.
מִמָּֽוֶת (mimmāweṯ) : preposition מִן (min) + noun מָוֶת (māweṯ) : from death.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:3a

Text (BHS):

לֹֽא־יַרְעִ֣יב יְ֭הוָה נֶ֣פֶשׁ צַדִּ֑יק

Transliteration (Accordance):

Translation (Waltke):

The LORD does not let the appetite of the righteous go unsatisfied

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

לֹֽא־יַרְעִ֣יב (lōʾ-yarʿı̂ḇ) : negation לֹֽא (lōʾ) + Hiphil imperfect 2 m.s. of רָעֵב (rāʿēḇ) : does not ... let go hungry/unsatisfied.
הוָה (YHWH) : the LORD/Yahweh.
נֶ֣פֶשׁ צַדִּ֑יק () : construct of נֶ֣פֶשׁ () + noun צַדִּ֑יק (ṣaddı̂q) : the appetite of the righteous.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:3b

Text (BHS):

וְהַוַּ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים יֶהְדֹּֽף

Transliteration (Accordance):

Translation (Waltke):

but what the wicked* crave he thrusts aside

*

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וְהַוַּ֖ת (wᵉhawwaṯ) : conjunction וְ(wᵉ) + construct of הַוָּה (hawwā) + plural of רְשָׁעִ֣ () : but the craving of the wicked.
יֶהְדֹּֽף (yehdōp̱) : Hiphil imperfect 3 f.s. of הָדַף (hāḏap̱) : he thwarts.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:4a

Text (BHS):

רָ֗אשׁ עֹשֶׂ֥ה כַף־רְמִיָּ֑ה

Transliteration (Accordance):

Translation (Waltke):

A poor person is made with a slack palm,

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

רָ֗אשׁ עֹשֶׂ֥ה () : noun רָ֗אשׁ () + participle of עָשָׂה (ʿāśāh) : a poor person [is] made.
כַף־רְמִיָּ֑ה (ḵap̱-rᵉmı̂ā) : construct כַף (ḵap̱) + noun רְמִיָּ֑ה (rᵉmı̂ā) : [with] a palm of slackness.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:4b

Text (BHS):

וְיַ֖ד חָרוּצִ֣ים תַּעֲשִֽׁיר

Transliteration (Accordance):

Translation (Waltke):

but the hand of diligent people* brings wealth.

*BDB (p. 358, s.v. I ḥāraṣ) derive the word from III ḥāraṣTDOT, 5:218, s.v. ḥāraṣḥāraṣ

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וְיַ֖ד חָרוּצִ֣ים () : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + construct יַ֖ד (yaḏ) + plural of adj. חָרוּץ () : but the hand of diligent people.
תַּעֲשִֽׁיר () : Hiphil imperfect 3 f.s. of עָשַׁר () : brings wealth.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:5a

Text (BHS):

אֹגֵ֣ר בַּ֭קַּיִץ בֵּ֣ן מַשְׂכִּ֑יל

Transliteration (Accordance):

ʾōg̱ēr baqqayiṣ bēn maśkı̂l

Translation (Waltke):

He who gathers [his food]* in summer is a prudent son

*The implied object is supplied from the parallel in 6:8.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

אֹגֵ֣ר בַּ֭קַּיִץ (ʾōg̱ēr baqqayiṣ) : Qal participle of אָגַר (ʾāg̱ar) + prep. בְּ (bᵉ) + definite article + noun קִיץ (qı̂ṣ) : he who gathers in summer.
בֵּ֣ן (bēn) : a son.
מַשְׂכִּ֑יל (maśkı̂l) : Hiphil participle of שָׂכַל (śāḵal) : is prudent.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:5b

Text (BHS):

נִרְדָּ֥ם בַּ֝קָּצִ֗יר בֵּ֣ן מֵבִֽישׁ

Transliteration (Accordance):

Translation (Waltke):

he who sleeps in harvest is a shameful* son.

*The Hiphil could be an elliptical, two-place Hiphil (i.e., he causes [his parents] to be disgraced) or a one-place Hiphil, in which case the internal HiphilIBHS

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

נִרְדָּ֥ם בַּ֝קָּצִ֗יר (nirdām baqqāṣı̂r) : Niphal participle of רָדַם (rāḏam) + prep. בְּ (bᵉ) + definite article + noun קָצִיר (qāṣı̂r) : he who sleeps in harvest.
בֵּן (bēn) : a son.
מֵבִֽישׁ () : Hiphil participle of בּוֹשׁ () : brings shame.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:6a

Text (BHS):

בְּרָכוֹת לְרֹ֣אשׁ צַדִּ֑יק

Transliteration (Accordance):

Translation (Waltke):

Blessings* come to** the head of the righteous

***The verb of motion is elided with the preposition lamed (IBHS, p. 224, P. 11.4.3d).

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

בְּרָכוֹת () : plural ― of בְּרָכָה (bᵉrāḵāh) ― : blessings.
לְרֹ֣אשׁ צַדִּ֑יק () : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + construct רֹאשׁ () + noun צַדִּ֑יק (ṣaddı̂q) : [come] to the head of the righteous.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:6b

Text (BHS):

וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְכַסֶּ֥ה חָמָֽס

Transliteration (Accordance):

Translation (Waltke):

but violence overwhelms the mouth of the wicked.*

*

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים () : conj. וּ () + construct of פֶּה (peh) + plural of רָשָׁע () : but the mouth of the wicked.
יְכַסֶּ֥ה (yᵉḵasseh) : Piel imperfect 3 m.s. of כָּסָה (kāsāh) : covers.
חָמָֽס (ḥāmās) : violence.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:7a

Text (BHS):

זֵ֣כֶר צַ֭דִּיק לִבְרָכָ֑ה

Transliteration (Accordance):

zēḵer ṣaddı̂q liḇrāḵāh

Translation (Waltke):

The righteous are invoked in blessings*

*Proverbs, p. 155) glosses yᵉbōrak.

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

זֵ֣כֶר צַ֭דִּיק (zēḵer ṣaddı̂q) : construct זֵ֣כֶר (zēḵer) : adjective צַ֭דִּיק (ṣaddı̂q) : the memory of the righteous.
לִבְרָכָ֑ה (liḇrāḵāh) : preposition לְ (lᵉ) + noun בְּרָכָה (bᵉrāḵāh) : [is] a blessing.

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:7b

Text (BHS):

וְשֵׁ֖ם רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִרְקָֽב

Transliteration (Accordance):

Translation (Waltke):

but the name of the wicked decays.*

*Fichtner (BHS) emends to

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

וְשֵׁ֖ם רְשָׁעִ֣ים () : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + construct שֵׁ֖ם () + plural of רָשָׁע () : but the name of the wicked.
יִרְקָֽב (yirqāḇ) : Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of רָקֵב (rāqēḇ) : will rot (BDB).

[John Reece]

Proverbs 10:8a

Text (BHS):

חֲכַם־לֵ֭ב יִקַּ֣ח מִצְוֹ֑ת

Transliteration (Accordance):

ḥāḵām-lēḇ yiqqaḥ miṣwōṯ

Translation (Waltke):

The wise in heart accepts commands

Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):

חֲכַם־לֵ֭ב (ḥāḵām-lēḇ) : adjective חָכָם (ḥāḵām) + לֵ֭ב (lēḇ) : the wise of heart.
יִקַּ֣ח מִצְוֹ֑ת (yiqqaḥ miṣwōṯ) : Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of לָקַח (lāqaḥ) + plural of מִצְוָה (miṣwāh) : accepts commands.