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This is where we come to delve into the biblical text. Theology is not our foremost thought, but we realize it is something that will be dealt with in nearly every conversation. Feel free to use the original languages to make your point (meaning Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic). This is an exegetical discussion area, so please limit topics to purely biblical ones.

This is not the section for debates between theists and atheists. While a theistic viewpoint is not required for discussion in this area, discussion does presuppose a respect for the integrity of the Biblical text (or the willingness to accept such a presupposition for discussion purposes) and a respect for the integrity of the faith of others and a lack of an agenda to undermine the faith of others.

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Revelation

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  • #31
    Revelation 2:10

    Text: (NA27):
    μηδὲν φοβοῦ ἃ μέλλεις πάσχειν. ἰδοὺ μέλλει βάλλειν ὁ διάβολος ἐξ ὑμῶν εἰς φυλακὴν ἵνα πειρασθῆτε καὶ ἕξετε θλῖψιν ἡμερῶν δέκα. γίνου πιστὸς ἄχρι θανάτου, καὶ δώσω σοι τὸν στέφανον τῆς ζωῆς.

    Transliteration (Accordance):
    mēden phobou ha melleis paschein. idou mellei ballein ho diabolos ex hymōn eis phylakēn hina peirasthēte kai hexete thlipsin hēmerōn deka. ginou pistos achri thanatou, kai dōsō soi ton stephanon tēs zōēs.

    Translation (NRSV):
    Do not fear what you are about to suffer. Beware, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison so that you may be tested, and for ten days you will have affliction. Be faithful until death, and I will give you the crown of life.

    Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
    φοβοῦ : imperative of φοβέομαι be afraid, fear.
    πάσχειν : infinitive of πάσχω suffer.
    διάβολος : the devil.
    ἐξ ὑμῶν : (sc. τινές) some of you (a Hebraism) 2 John 4.
    φυλακή : (< φυλάσσω guard, keep) prison.
    πειρασθῆτε : aorist passive subjunctive of πειράζω put to the test.
    ἕξετε : future of ἔχω have.
    θλῖψις : oppression, affliction, tribulation here probably in the form of persecution.
    ἡμερῶν : genitive of time during which.
    δέκα = 10.
    γίνου : be! imperative 2nd singular of γίνομαι, for little used ἴσθι (εἰμί).
    πιστός : faithful.
    ἄχρι : until, unto.
    δώσω : future of δίδωμι grant, allow.
    τῆς ζωῆς : epexegetical, namely eternal life.


    Comment


    • #32
      Revelation 2:11

      Text: (NA27):
      Ὁ ἔχων οὖς ἀκουσάτω τί τὸ πνεῦμα λέγει ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις. Ὁ νικῶν οὐ μὴ ἀδικηθῇ ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου τοῦ δευτέρου.

      Transliteration (Accordance):
      Ho echōn ous akousatō ti to pneuma legei tais ekklēsiais. Ho nikōn ou mē adikēthȩ̄ ek tou thanatou tou deuterou.

      Translation (ESV):
      He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. The one who conquers will not be hurt by the second death.

      Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
      οὖς, ὠτός, τό : ear.
      ἀκουσάτω : aorist imperative 3rd singular of ἀκούω hear.
      τί : as indirect interrogative.
      νικῶν : participle of νικάω conquer, be victorious ; in Apocalypse ὁ νικῶν has everywhere the sense of one who, in the power of Christ, has overcome sin and endured martyrdom.
      οὐ μή : with subjunctive emphatic negative referring to the future.
      ἀδικηθῇ : aorist passive subjunctive of ἀδικέω injure, hurt.
      ἐκ : from, by.
      δεύτερος : second, θάνατος τοῦ δευτέρου 21:8.

      Comment


      • #33
        Revelation 2:12

        Text: (NA27):
        Καὶ τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Περγάμῳ ἐκκλησίας γράψον· Τάδε λέγει ὁ ἔχων τὴν ῥομφαίαν τὴν δίστομον τὴν ὀξεῖαν·

        Transliteration (Accordance):
        Kai tō̧ aggelō̧ tēs en Pergamō̧ ekklēsias grapson; Tade legei ho echōn tēn rhomphaian tēn distomon tēn oxeian;

        Translation (TNIV):
        To the angel of the church in Pergamum write: These are the words of him who has the sharp, double–edged sword.

        Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
        γράψον : aorist imperative of γράφω write.
        τάδε : these things.
        ῥομφαία : sword.
        δίστομος : (δίς twice + στόμα mouth) two-edged.
        ὀξύς, -εῖα, -ύ : sharp.

        Comment


        • #34
          Revelation 2:13

          Text: (NA27):
          οἶδα ποῦ κατοικεῖς, ὅπου ὁ θρόνος τοῦ σατανᾶ, καὶ κρατεῖς τὸ ὄνομά μου καὶ οὐκ ἠρνήσω τὴν πίστιν μου καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἀντιπᾶς ὁ μάρτυς μου ὁ πιστός μου, ὃς ἀπεκτάνθη παρ᾿ ὑμῖν, ὅπου ὁ σατανᾶς κατοικεῖ.

          Transliteration (Accordance):
          oida pou katoikeis, hopou ho thronos tou satana, kai krateis to onoma mou kai ouk ērnēsō tēn pistin mou kai en tais hēmerais Antipas ho martys mou ho pistos mou, hos apektanthē par’ hymin, hopou ho satanas katoikei.

          Translation (TNIV):
          I know where you live—where Satan has his throne. Yet you remain true to my name. You did not renounce your faith in me, not even in the days of Antipas, my faithful witness, who was put to death in your city—where Satan lives.

          Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
          ποῦ : as indirect interrogative where.
          κατοικέω : live, dwell.
          ὅπου : there where.
          ὁ θρόνος τοῦ σατανᾶ : sanctuary of Asclepius with the serpent as its symbol, a famous center for worship of pagan gods and the emperor in particular.
          κρατέω : hold firmly.
          ἠρνήσω : aorist 2nd singular of ἀρνέομαι deny.
          καί : (3rd time) even.
          Ἀντιπᾶς : genitive -πᾶ: in the Apocalypse proper names are often left in nominative.*
          μάρτυς : (nominative apposition to Ἀντιπᾶς) one who testifies, a witness ; since under persecution this often meant death, μάρτυς acquired the new meaning of martyr ; Apocalypse 2:13 perhaps the earliest known use of this sense.
          παρ᾿ ὑμῖν : i.e. in your town.
          *BG §13: Lack of Concordance in Appositions.... Incongruities of this kind in appositions, especially participles, occur with remarkable frequency in the least literary of the NT books, Revelation, cf. 1,5; 2,13. 20; 3,12; 8,9; 14,12; 17,3; 20,2; such incongruities are especially frequent with the participles of λέγειν e.g. 2,20: "But I have against you, that you tolerate the woman (τὴν γυναῖκα) Jez'ebel, who calls herself (ἡ λέγουσα ἑαυτὴν) a prophetess". Cf. also 3,12; 9,14; 11,15; 14,6; 19,20 etc.

          Comment


          • #35
            Revelation 2:14

            Text: (NA27):
            ἀλλ᾿ ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὀλίγα ὅτι ἔχεις ἐκεῖ κρατοῦντας τὴν διδαχὴν Βαλαάμ, ὃς ἐδίδασκεν τῷ Βαλὰκ βαλεῖν σκάνδαλον ἐνώπιον τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ φαγεῖν εἰδωλόθυτα καὶ πορνεῦσαι.

            Transliteration (Accordance):
            all’ echō kata sou oliga hoti echeis ekei kratountas tēn didachēn Balaam, hos edidasken tō̧ Balak balein skandalon enōpion tōn huiōn Israēl phagein eidōlothyta kai porneusai.

            Translation (TNIV):
            Nevertheless, I have a few things against you: There are some among you who hold to the teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to entice the Israelites to sin so that they ate food sacrificed to idols and committed sexual immorality.

            Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
            ὀλίγος : small, plural few.
            κρατοῦντας : participle of κρατέω hold (masculine) "people holding", some who hold.
            διδαχή : teaching.
            Βαλαάμ : the author's alias for the Nicolaitans (verse 15).
            ἐδίδασκεν : imperfect of διδάσκω teach, here with dative.
            βαλεῖν : aorist infinitive of βάλλω throw.
            σκάνδαλον : stumbling block, occasion of sin.
            ἐνώπιον : before someone or something.
            φαγεῖν : aorist infinitive of ἐσθίω eat.
            εἰδωλόθυτος : sacrificed to an idol, neuter meat so sacrificed.
            πορνεῦσαι : aorist infinitive of πορνεύω commit fornication.

            Comment


            • #36
              Revelation 2:15

              Text: (NA27):
              οὕτως ἔχεις καὶ σὺ κρατοῦντας τὴν διδαχὴν [τῶν] Νικολαϊτῶν ὁμοίως.

              Transliteration (Accordance):
              houtōs echeis kai sy kratountas tēn didachēn [tōn] Nikolaitōn homoiōs.

              Translation (TNIV):
              Likewise, you also have those who hold to the teaching of the Nicolaitans.

              Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
              ἔχεις καὶ σύ : you too have.
              ὁμοίως : likewise.

              Comment


              • #37
                Revelation 2:16

                Text: (NA27):
                μετανόησον οὖν· εἰ δὲ μή, ἔρχομαί σοι ταχὺ καὶ πολεμήσω μετ᾿ αὐτῶν ἐν τῇ ῥομφαίᾳ τοῦ στόματός μου.

                Transliteration (Accordance):
                metanoēson oun; ei de mē, erchomai soi tachy kai polemēsō met’ autōn en tȩ̄ rhomphaia̧ tou stomatos mou.

                Translation (TNIV):
                Repent therefore! Otherwise, I will soon come to you and will fight against them with the sword of my mouth.

                Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
                μετανόησον : aorist imperative of μετανοέω repent.
                εἰ δὲ μή : if not, otherwise
                ἔρχομαι : present with future sense.
                ταχύς, -εῖα, -ύ : quick, neuter as adverb, quickly, soon.
                πολεμήσω : future of πολεμέω wage war, do battle, attack.
                ἐν : instrumental with.
                ῥομφαία : sword.

                Comment


                • #38
                  Revelation 2:17

                  Text: (NA27):
                  Ὁ ἔχων οὖς ἀκουσάτω τί τὸ πνεῦμα λέγει ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις. Τῷ νικῶντι δώσω αὐτῷ τοῦ μάννα τοῦ κεκρυμμένου καὶ δώσω αὐτῷ ψῆφον λευκήν, καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ψῆφον ὄνομα καινὸν γεγραμμένον ὃ οὐδεὶς οἶδεν εἰ μὴ ὁ λαμβάνων.

                  Transliteration (Accordance):
                  Ho echōn ous akousatō ti to pneuma legei tais ekklēsiais. Tō̧ nikōnti dōsō autō̧ tou manna tou kekrymmenou kai dōsō autō̧ psēphon leukēn, kai epi tēn psēphon onoma kainon gegrammenon ho oudeis oiden ei mē ho lambanōn.

                  Translation (TNIV):
                  Whoever has ears, let them hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To those who are victorious, I will give some of the hidden manna. I will also give each of them a white stone with a new name written on it, known only to the one who receives it.

                  Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
                  οὖς, ὠτός, τό : ear.
                  ἀκουσάτω : aorist imperative of ἀκούω hear.:
                  τί : as indirect interrogative what
                  τοῦ μάννα : partitive genitive (a share) of the manna.
                  κεκρυμμένου : hidden, perfect passive participle of κρύπτω hide.
                  ψῆφος ἡ : pebble, stone used in voting : the black against, and the white in favor.
                  λευκός : white.
                  καινός : new.
                  γεγραμμένον : perfect passive participle of γράφω write.

                  Comment


                  • #39
                    Revelation 2:18

                    Text: (NA27):
                    Καὶ τῷ ἀγγέλῳ τῆς ἐν Θυατείροις ἐκκλησίας γράψον· Τάδε λέγει ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, ὁ ἔχων τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ ὡς φλόγα πυρὸς καὶ οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ ὅμοιοι χαλκολιβάνῳ·

                    Transliteration (Accordance):
                    Kai tō̧ aggelō̧ tēs en Thyateirois ekklēsias grapson; Tade legei ho huios tou theou, ho echōn tous ophthalmous autou hōs phloga pyros kai hoi podes autou homoioi chalkolibanō̧;

                    Translation (TNIV):
                    “To the angel of the church in Thyatira write: These are the words of the Son of God, whose eyes are like blazing fire and whose feet are like burnished bronze.

                    Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
                    φλόξ, φλογός, ἡ : flame.
                    ὅμοιος : like.
                    χαλκολίβανος : bronze.

                    Comment


                    • #40
                      Revelation 2:19

                      Text: (NA27):
                      οἶδά σου τὰ ἔργα καὶ τὴν ἀγάπην καὶ τὴν πίστιν καὶ τὴν διακονίαν καὶ τὴν ὑπομονήν σου, καὶ τὰ ἔργα σου τὰ ἔσχατα πλείονα τῶν πρώτων.

                      Transliteration (Accordance):
                      oida sou ta erga kai tēn agapēn kai tēn pistin kai tēn diakonian kai tēn hypomonēn sou, kai ta erga sou ta eschata pleiona tōn prōtōn.

                      Translation (NRSV):
                      “I know your works—your love, faith, service, and patient endurance. I know that your last works are greater than the first.

                      Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
                      διακονία : service.
                      ὑπομονή : endurance, fortitude.
                      ἔσχατος : last; standing for comparative, latter.
                      πλείων -ονος : greater, comparative of πολύς (much).
                      πρῶτος : for comparative former, genitive of comparison.

                      Comment


                      • #41
                        Revelation 2:20

                        Text: (NA27):
                        ἀλλὰ ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὅτι ἀφεῖς τὴν γυναῖκα Ἰεζάβελ, ἡ λέγουσα ἑαυτὴν προφῆτιν καὶ διδάσκει καὶ πλανᾷ τοὺς ἐμοὺς δούλους πορνεῦσαι καὶ φαγεῖν εἰδωλόθυτα.

                        Transliteration (Accordance):
                        alla echō kata sou hoti apheis tēn gynaika Iezabel, hē legousa heautēn prophētin kai didaskei kai plana̧ tous emous doulous porneusai kai phagein eidōlothyta.

                        Translation (WEB = revised ASV):
                        But I have this against you, that you tolerate your woman, Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess. She teaches and seduces my servants to commit sexual immorality, and to eat things sacrificed to idols.

                        Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
                        ἀφεῖς : 2nd singular of ἀφίημι (in form -έω) allow, tolerate.
                        ἡ λέγουσα for accusative : (apposition to object of ἀφεῖς).
                        προφῆτις, ιδος, ἡ : prophetess.
                        καί : coordinate, breaks in on participial construction.
                        πλανάω : lead astray, with infinitive lure ... into.
                        πορνεῦσαι : aorist infinitive of πορνεύω commit fornication.
                        φαγεῖν : aorist infinitive of ἐσθίω eat.
                        εἰδωλόθυτα : sacrificed to an idol; neuter meat so sacrificed.

                        Comment


                        • #42
                          Revelation 2:21

                          Text: (NA27):
                          καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ χρόνον ἵνα μετανοήσῃ, καὶ οὐ θέλει μετανοῆσαι ἐκ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς.

                          Transliteration (Accordance):
                          kai edōka autȩ̄ chronon hina metanoēsȩ̄, kai ou thelei metanoēsai ek tēs porneias autēs.

                          Translation (WEB = revised ASV):
                          I gave her time to repent, but she refuses to repent of her sexual immorality.

                          Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
                          ἔδωκα : aorist of δίδωμι give.
                          χρόνος : time.
                          μετανοήσῃ : aorist subjunctive of μετανοέω repent.
                          μετανοῆσαι (ἐκ) : to repent (of), aorist infinitive.
                          πορνεία : fornication, here, as often = idolatry.

                          Comment


                          • #43
                            Revelation 2:22

                            Text: (NA27):
                            ἰδοὺ βάλλω αὐτὴν εἰς κλίνην καὶ τοὺς μοιχεύοντας μετ᾿ αὐτῆς εἰς θλῖψιν μεγάλην, ἐὰν μὴ μετανοήσωσιν ἐκ τῶν ἔργων αὐτῆς

                            Transliteration (Accordance):
                            idou ballō autēn eis klinēn kai tous moicheuontas met’ autēs eis thlipsin megalēn, ean mē metanoēsōsin ek tōn ergōn autēs

                            Translation (WEB = revised ASV):
                            Behold, I will throw her into a bed, and those who commit adultery with her into great oppression, unless they repent of her works.

                            Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
                            ἰδοὺ βάλλω αὐτὴν εἰς κλίνην : Hebraism, cf. βεβλημένος "laid low, laid up" Mt 8:6; 9:2; Mk 7:30) ; present indicative possibly representing Hebrew present participle which may equally reference future.
                            μοιχεύοντας: participle of μοιχεύω commit adultery.
                            θλῖψις : distress, affliction, tribulation.

                            Comment


                            • #44
                              Revelation 2:23

                              Text: (NA27):
                              καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς ἀποκτενῶ ἐν θανάτῳ. καὶ γνώσονται πᾶσαι αἱ ἐκκλησίαι ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἐραυνῶν νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας, καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ὑμῶν.

                              Transliteration (Accordance):
                              kai ta tekna autēs apoktenō en thanatō̧. kai gnōsontai pasai hai ekklēsiai hoti egō eimi ho eraunōn nephrous kai kardias, kai dōsō hymin hekastō̧ kata ta erga hymōn.

                              Translation (WEB = revised ASV):
                              I will kill her children with Death, and all the assemblies will know that I am he who searches the minds and hearts. I will give to each one of you according to your deeds.

                              Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
                              ἀποκτενῶ : future of ἀποκτείνω kill.
                              γνώσονται : future of γινώσκω know.
                              ἐραυνῶν : participle of ἐραυνάω search, examine.
                              ἐραυνῶν ... καὶ δώσω : construction similar to verses 2, 9, 20.
                              νεφρός : plural kidneys, supposed seat of the affections, νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας affections and thoughts.

                              Comment


                              • #45
                                Revelation 2:24

                                Text: (NA27):
                                ὑμῖν δὲ λέγω τοῖς λοιποῖς τοῖς ἐν Θυατείροις, ὅσοι οὐκ ἔχουσιν τὴν διδαχὴν ταύτην, οἵτινες οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τὰ βαθέα τοῦ σατανᾶ ὡς λέγουσιν· οὐ βάλλω ἐφ᾿ ὑμᾶς ἄλλο βάρος,

                                Transliteration (Accordance):
                                hymin de legō tois loipois tois en Thyateirois, hosoi ouk echousin tēn didachēn tautēn, hoitines ouk egnōsan ta bathea tou satana hōs legousin; ou ballō eph’ hymas allo baros,

                                Translation (WEB = revised ASV):
                                But to you I say, to the rest who are in Thyatira, as many as don’t have this teaching, who don’t know what some call ‘the deep things of Satan,’ to you I say, I am not putting any other burden on you.

                                Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):
                                οἱ λοιποί : the others.
                                διδαχή : teaching.
                                οἵτινες : those who.
                                ἔγνωσαν : aorist of γινώσκω know.
                                βαθύς, εῖα, ύ : deep, τὰ βαθέα the deep things, i.e. mysteries.
                                βάλλω : lay.
                                βάρος : a weight, burden.

                                Comment

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