Revelation

[John Reece]

Revelation 6:9

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ὅτε ἤνοιξεν τὴν πέμπτην σφραγῖδα, εἶδον ὑποκάτω τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐσφαγμένων διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ διὰ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἣν εἶχον.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai hote ēnoixen tēn pemptēn sphragida, eidon hypokatō tou thysiastēriou tas psychas tōn esphagmenōn dia ton logon tou theou kai dia tēn martyrian hēn eichon.

Translation (NRSV):

When he opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slaughtered for the word of God and for the testimony they had given

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

πέμπτος : fifth.
ὑποκάτω : adverb under(neath), as preposition with genitive.
θυσιαστήριον : alter.
ἐσφαγμένων : perfect passive participle of σφάζω slaughter.
διά : for.
μαρτυρία : testimony.
εἶχον : imperfect of ἔχω: for holding the same testimony (teaching) as Christ had given.

[John Reece]

Revelation 6:10

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἔκραξαν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ λέγοντες· ἕως πότε, ὁ δεσπότης ὁ ἅγιος καὶ ἀληθινός, οὐ κρίνεις καὶ ἐκδικεῖς τὸ αἷμα ἡμῶν ἐκ τῶν κατοικούντων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς;

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai ekraxan phōnȩ̄ megalȩ̄ legontes; heōs pote, ho despotēs ho hagios kai alēthinos, ou krineis kai ekdikeis to haima hēmōn ek tōn katoikountōn epi tēs gēs?

Translation (NRSV):

they cried out with a loud voice, “Sovereign Lord, holy and true, how long will it be before you judge and avenge our blood on the inhabitants of the earth?”

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἔκραξαν : aorist of κράζω shout, cry out.
πότε; : when? ἕως πότε? how long.
δεσπότης : master, lord, ὁ with nominative for vocative.
ἀληθινός : true, genuine. ; Hebraism true to one's purpose.
ἐκδικέω : vindicate, ἐκδικεω τι ἔκ (τινος) avenge something on (one).
κατοικούντων : participle of κατοικέω dwell, live.

[John Reece]

Revelation 6:11

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἑκάστῳ στολὴ λευκὴ καὶ ἐρρέθη αὐτοῖς ἵνα ἀναπαύσονται ἔτι χρόνον μικρόν, ἕως πληρωθῶσιν καὶ οἱ σύνδουλοι αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτῶν οἱ μέλλοντες ἀποκτέννεσθαι ὡς καὶ αὐτοί.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai edothē autois hekastō̧ stolē leukē kai errethē autois hina anapausontai eti chronon mikron, heōs plērōthōsin kai hoi syndouloi autōn kai hoi adelphoi autōn hoi mellontes apoktennesthai hōs kai autoi.

Translation (NRSV):

They were each given a white robe and told to rest a little longer, until the number would be complete both of their fellow servants and of their brothers and sisters, who were soon to be killed as they themselves had been killed.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἐδόθη : aorist passive of δίδωμι give.
στολή : long robe.
λευκός : white.
ἐρρέθη : aorist passive of λέγω tell.
ἐρρέθη αὐτοῖς ἵνα : here with future (normally subjunctive) for objective infinitive they were told to rest.
ἀναπαύσονται : future middle of ἀναπαύω cease to rest ; middle rest (intransitive).
χρόνος : time ; χρόνον μικρόν (for) a little while, accusative of duration.
πληρωθῶσιν : aorist passive subjunctive of πληρόω fulfill ; complete a period or number.
σύνδουλος : fellow-servants (sc. of Christ).
ἀποκτέννεσθαι : passive infinitive of ἀποκτέννω (variant form of ἀποκτείνω) ; μέλλοντες ἀποκτέννεσθαι going to be killed.

[John Reece]

Revelation 6:12

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ εἶδον ὅτε ἤνοιξεν τὴν σφραγῖδα τὴν ἕκτην, καὶ σεισμὸς μέγας ἐγένετο καὶ ὁ ἥλιος ἐγένετο μέλας ὡς σάκκος τρίχινος καὶ ἡ σελήνη ὅλη ἐγένετο ὡς αἷμα

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai eidon hote ēnoixen tēn sphragida tēn hektēn, kai seismos megas egeneto kai ho hēlios egeneto melas hōs sakkos trichinos kai hē selēnē holē egeneto hōs haima

Translation (NRSV):

When he opened the sixth seal, I looked, and there came a great earthquake; the sun became black as sackcloth, the full moon became like blood,

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἕκτος : sixth.
σεισμός : earthquake.
ἐγένετο : aorist of γίνομαι become.
ἥλιος : sun.
μέλας : black.
σάκκος = Hebrew saq, sackcloth, garment of mourning.
τρίχινος : (< θρίξ, τριχός, ἡ = hair) (made) of hair.
σελήνη : moon.

[John Reece]

Revelation 6:13

Text: (NA27):

καὶ οἱ ἀστέρες τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἔπεσαν εἰς τὴν γῆν, ὡς συκῆ βάλλει τοὺς ὀλύνθους αὐτῆς ὑπὸ ἀνέμου μεγάλου σειομένη

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai hoi asteres tou ouranou epesan eis tēn gēn, hōs sykē ballei tous olynthous autēs hypo anemou megalou seiomenē

Translation (NRSV):

and the stars of the sky fell to the earth as the fig tree drops its winter fruit when shaken by a gale.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἀστήρ, έρος, ὁ : star.
ἔπεσαν : aorist of πίπτω fall.
βάλλω : here, drop.
ὄλυνθος : late (so unripe) fig.
ἄνεμος : wind.
σειομένη : passive participle of σείω to cause to be in a state of commotion, shake, agitate.

[John Reece]

Revelation 6:14

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ὁ οὐρανὸς ἀπεχωρίσθη ὡς βιβλίον ἑλισσόμενον καὶ πᾶν ὄρος καὶ νῆσος ἐκ τῶν τόπων αὐτῶν ἐκινήθησαν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai ho ouranos apechōristhē hōs biblion helissomenon kai pan oros kai nēsos ek tōn topōn autōn ekinēthēsan.

Translation (NRSV):

The sky vanished like a scroll rolling itself up, and every mountain and island was removed from its place.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἀπεχωρίσθη : aorist passive of ἀποχωρίζω separate ; passive be parted.
βιβλίον scroll.
ἑλισσόμενον : passive participle of ἑλίσσω roll up, i.e. like the two halves of a split scroll rolled up and disappeared.
νῆσος : island.
ἐκινήθησαν : aorist passive of κινέω remove.

[John Reece]

Revelation 6:15

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ μεγιστᾶνες καὶ οἱ χιλίαρχοι καὶ οἱ πλούσιοι καὶ οἱ ἰσχυροὶ καὶ πᾶς δοῦλος καὶ ἐλεύθερος ἔκρυψαν ἑαυτοὺς εἰς τὰ σπήλαια καὶ εἰς τὰς πέτρας τῶν ὀρέων

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai hoi basileis tēs gēs kai hoi megistanes kai hoi chiliarchoi kai hoi plousioi kai hoi ischyroi kai pas doulos kai eleutheros ekrypsan heautous eis ta spēlaia kai eis tas petras tōn oreōn

Translation (NRSV):

Then the kings of the earth and the magnates and the generals and the rich and the powerful, and everyone, slave and free, hid in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains,

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

μεγιστάν, -ᾶνος, ὁ : great man, magnate.
χιλίαρχος : (leader of a thousand) properly a military tribune, here high ranking officer, general.
πλούσιος : rich man.
ἰσχυρός : powerful
ἐλεύθερος : free (man).
ἔκρυψαν : aorist of κρύπτω hide.
σπήλαιον : cave.
πέτρα : rock.
ὀρέων : genitive plural (rarely contracted) of ὄρος mountain.

[John Reece]

Revelation 6:16

Text: (NA27):

αὶ λέγουσιν τοῖς ὄρεσιν καὶ ταῖς πέτραις· πέσετε ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς καὶ κρύψατε ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ ἀρνίου,

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai legousin tois oresin kai tais petrais; pesete eph’ hēmas kai krypsate hēmas apo prosōpou tou kathēmenou epi tou thronou kai apo tēs orgēs tou arniou

Translation (NRSV):

calling to the mountains and rocks, “Fall on us and hide us from the face of the one seated on the throne and from the wrath of the Lamb

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

πέσετε : aorist imperative of πίπτω fall.
κρύψατε : aorist imperative of κρύπτω hide.
θρόνος : throne.
ὀργή : wrath.
ἀρνίον : lamb.

[John Reece]

Revelation 6:17

Text: (NA27):

ὅτι ἦλθεν ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ μεγάλη τῆς ὀργῆς αὐτῶν, καὶ τίς δύναται σταθῆναι;

Transliteration (Accordance):

hoti ēlthen hē hēmera hē megalē tēs orgēs autōn, kai tis dynatai stathēnai?

Translation (NRSV):

for the great day of their wrath has come, and who is able to stand?

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

σταθῆναι : to stand, aorist passive infinitive (intransitive) of ἵστημι stand.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:1

Text: (NA27):

Μετὰ τοῦτο εἶδον τέσσαρας ἀγγέλους ἑστῶτας ἐπὶ τὰς τέσσαρας γωνίας τῆς γῆς, κρατοῦντας τοὺς τέσσαρας ἀνέμους τῆς γῆς ἵνα μὴ πνέῃ ἄνεμος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς μήτε ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης μήτε ἐπὶ πᾶν δένδρον.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Meta touto eidon tessaras aggelous hestōtas epi tas tessaras gōnias tēs gēs, kratountas tous tessaras anemous tēs gēs hina mē pneȩ̄ anemos epi tēs gēs mēte epi tēs thalassēs mēte epi pan dendron.

Translation (NRSV):

After this I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth, holding back the four winds of the earth so that no wind could blow on earth or sea or against any tree.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

τεσσαρες = 4.
ἑστῶτας : standing, perfect (intransitive with present meaning) participle of ἵστημι.
γωνία : corner.
κρατοῦντας : participle of κρατέω hold fast ; restrain.
ἄνεμος : wind.
πνέῃ : subjunctive of πνέω blow.
μήτε ... μήτε : neither ... nor, μήτε ἐπὶ πᾶν (Semitism) nor on any.
δένδρον : tree.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:2a

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ εἶδον ἄλλον ἄγγελον ἀναβαίνοντα ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς ἡλίου ἔχοντα σφραγῖδα θεοῦ ζῶντος

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai eidon allon aggelon anabainonta apo anatolēs hēliou echonta sphragida theou zōntos

Translation (NRSV):

I saw another angel ascending from the rising of the sun, having the seal of the living God,

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἀναβαίνοντα : participle of ἀναβαίνω ascend.
ἀνατολή : (< ἀνατέλλω rise) rising of the sun.
ἥλιος : sun.
ἔχοντα : participle of ἔχω have.
σφραγίς, -ῖδος, ἡ : seal ; no article because, in Biblical Greek, the lack of the article may occasionally be overlooked ... because in Semitic usage the substantive would be in the "construct" state and so without the article (Zerwick, Biblical Greek), §182.
ζῶντος : participle of ζάω live.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:2b

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἔκραξεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ τοῖς τέσσαρσιν ἀγγέλοις οἷς ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἀδικῆσαι τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai ekraxen phōnȩ̄ megalȩ̄ tois tessarsin aggelois hois edothē autois adikēsai tēn gēn kai tēn thalassan

Translation (NRSV):

and he called with a loud voice to the four angels who had been given power to damage earth and sea

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἔκραξεν : aorist of κράζω call out.
ἐδόθη : aorist passive of δίδωμι give ; οἷς ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἀδικῆσαι (aorist infinitive of ἀδικέω) who had been authorized to harm, relative past time.
αὐτοῖς : redundant after οἷς.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:3

Text: (NA27):

λέγων· μὴ ἀδικήσητε τὴν γῆν μήτε τὴν θάλασσαν μήτε τὰ δένδρα, ἄχρι σφραγίσωμεν τοὺς δούλους τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων αὐτῶν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

legōn; mē adikēsēte tēn gēn mēte tēn thalassan mēte ta dendra, achri sphragisōmen tous doulous tou theou hēmōn epi tōn metōpōn autōn.

Translation (NRSV):

saying, “Do not damage the earth or the sea or the trees, until we have marked the servants of our God with a seal on their foreheads.”

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἀδικήσητε : aorist subjunctive of ἀδικέω damage, injure.
ἄχρι : with subjunctive until.
σφραγίσωμεν : aorist subjunctive of σφραγίζω (τι) set a mark or seal on (something), to serve as protection as well as identification.
μέτωπον : (μετά between + ὤψ face about the eye) forehead.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:4

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ἤκουσα τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν ἐσφραγισμένων, ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες, ἐσφραγισμένοι ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai ēkousa ton arithmon tōn esphragismenōn, hekaton tesserakonta tessares chiliades, esphragismenoi ek pasēs phylēs huiōn Israēl

Translation (NRSV):

And I heard the number of those who were sealed, one hundred forty-four thousand, sealed out of every tribe of the people of Israel:

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἤκουσα : aorist of ἀκούω hear.
ἀριθμός : number.
ἐσφραγισμένων : aorist passive participle of σφραγίζω set a mark or seal on (something), to serve as protection as well as identification.
ἑκατόν = 100.
τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες = 44.
χιλιάς, άδος, ἡ = 1000.
φυλή : tribe.

[John Reece]

Revelation 7:5-8

Text: (NA27):

Rev. 7:5 ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰούδα δώδεκα χιλιάδες ἐσφραγισμένοι, ἐκ φυλῆς Ῥουβὴν δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Γὰδ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, 6 ἐκ φυλῆς Ἀσὴρ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Νεφθαλὶμ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Μανασσῆ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, 7 ἐκ φυλῆς Συμεὼν δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Λευὶ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰσσαχὰρ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, 8 ἐκ φυλῆς Ζαβουλὼν δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰωσὴφ δώδεκα χιλιάδες, ἐκ φυλῆς Βενιαμὶν δώδεκα χιλιάδες ἐσφραγισμένοι.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Rev. 7:5 ek phylēs Iouda dōdeka chiliades esphragismenoi, ek phylēs Hroubēn dōdeka chiliades, ek phylēs Gad dōdeka chiliades, 6 ek phylēs Asēr dōdeka chiliades, ek phylēs Nephthalim dōdeka chiliades, ek phylēs Manassē dōdeka chiliades, 7 ek phylēs Symeōn dōdeka chiliades, ek phylēs Leui dōdeka chiliades, ek phylēs Issachar dōdeka chiliades, 8 ek phylēs Zaboulōn dōdeka chiliades, ek phylēs Iōsēph dōdeka chiliades, ek phylēs Beniamin dōdeka chiliades esphragismenoi.

Translation (NRSV):

Rev. 7:5 From the tribe of Judah twelve thousand sealed,
from the tribe of Reuben twelve thousand,
from the tribe of Gad twelve thousand,
6 from the tribe of Asher twelve thousand,
from the tribe of Naphtali twelve thousand,
from the tribe of Manasseh twelve thousand,
7 from the tribe of Simeon twelve thousand,
from the tribe of Levi twelve thousand,
from the tribe of Issachar twelve thousand,
8 from the tribe of Zebulun twelve thousand,
from the tribe of Joseph twelve thousand,
from the tribe of Benjamin twelve thousand sealed.

Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἐσφραγισμένων : aorist passive participle of σφραγίζω set a mark or seal on (something), to serve as protection as well as identification.
ἑκατόν = 100.
τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες = 44.
χιλιάς, άδος, ἡ = 1000.
φυλή : tribe.