Revelation

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:7a

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ὁ πρῶτος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ ἐγένετο χάλαζα καὶ πῦρ μεμιγμένα ἐν αἵματι καὶ ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν γῆν

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai ho prōtos esalpisen; kai egeneto chalaza kai pyr memigmena en haimati kai eblēthē eis tēn gēn

Translation (NRSV):

The first angel blew his trumpet, and there came hail and fire, mixed with blood, and they were hurled to the earth

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἐσάλπισεν : aorist subjunctive of σαλπίζω sound/blow a trumpet.
μεμιγμένα : perfect passive participle of μίγνυμι mix ; μίγνυμι τι τινί (15:2) or μίγνυμι τι ἔν τινι mix something with something.
ἐβλήθη : aorist passive of βάλλω throw.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:7b

Text: (NA27):

καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῆς γῆς κατεκάη καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν δένδρων κατεκάη καὶ πᾶς χόρτος χλωρὸς κατεκάη.

Transliteration (Accordance):

καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῆς γῆς κατεκάη καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν δένδρων κατεκάη καὶ πᾶς χόρτος χλωρὸς κατεκάη.

Translation (NRSV):

and a third of the earth was burned up, and a third of the trees were burned up, and all green grass was burned up.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

τρίτος : third, τὸ τρίτον a third (part).
κατεκάη : aorist passive of κατακαίω burn (up).
δένδρον : tree.
χόρτος : grass, πᾶς χόρτος all grass (without article, grass as a genus).
χλωρός : green.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:8

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ ὡς ὄρος μέγα πυρὶ καιόμενον ἐβλήθη εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ τρίτον τῆς θαλάσσης αἷμα

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai ho deuteros aggelos esalpisen; kai hōs oros mega pyri kaiomenon eblēthē eis tēn thalassan, kai egeneto to triton tēs thalassēs haima

Translation (NRSV):

The second angel blew his trumpet, and something like a great mountain, burning with fire, was thrown into the sea.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

δεύτερος : second.
ὡς : as (though), (something) like.
καιόμενον : on fire, passive participle of καίω set on fire, burn ; passive intransitive.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:8c-9

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ τρίτον τῆς θαλάσσης αἷμα, καὶ ἀπέθανεν τὸ τρίτον τῶν κτισμάτων τῶν ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ τὰ ἔχοντα ψυχὰς καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν πλοίων διεφθάρησαν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai egeneto to triton tēs thalassēs haima, kai apethanen to triton tōn ktismatōn tōn en tȩ̄ thalassȩ̄ ta echonta psychas kai to triton tōn ploiōn diephtharēsan.

Translation (NRSV):

A third of the sea became blood, a third of the living creatures in the sea died, and a third of the ships were destroyed.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἀπέθανεν : aorist of ἀποθνῄσκω die.
κτίσμα : creature.
τὰ ἔχοντα : (participle of ἔχω) for τῶν εξόντων (apposition to κτισμάτων).
ψυχή : life.
πλοῖον : boat.
διεφθάρησαν : aorist passive of διαφθείρω destroy.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:10

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ὁ τρίτος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ ἔπεσεν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀστὴρ μέγας καιόμενος ὡς λαμπὰς καὶ ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν ποταμῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai ho tritos aggelos esalpisen; kai epesen ek tou ouranou astēr megas kaiomenos hōs lampas kai epesen epi to triton tōn potamōn kai epi tas pēgas tōn hydatōn

Translation (NRSV):

The third angel blew his trumpet, and a great star fell from heaven, blazing like a torch, and it fell on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

τρίτος : third, τὸ τρίτον a third (part).
ἐσάλπισεν : aorist of σαλπίζω sound/blow a trumpet.
ἔπεσεν : aorist of πίπτω fall.
ἀστήρ, -έρος, ὁ : star.
λαμπάς, -άδος, ἡ : torch.
ποταμός : river.
πηγή : a spring.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:11

Text: (NA27):

καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ἀστέρος λέγεται ὁ Ἄψινθος, καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ τρίτον τῶν ὑδάτων εἰς ἄψινθον καὶ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀπέθανον ἐκ τῶν ὑδάτων ὅτι ἐπικράνθησαν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai to onoma tou asteros legetai ho Apsinthos, kai egeneto to triton tōn hydatōn eis apsinthon kai polloi tōn anthrōpōn apethanon ek tōn hydatōn hoti epikranthēsan.

Translation (NRSV):

The name of the star is Wormwood. A third of the waters became wormwood, and many died from the water, because it was made bitter.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

λέγεται : passive is called.
εἰς : for predicate nominative.
ἄψινθος : wormwood, emblem for bitterness.
ἐπικράνθησαν : aorist passive of πικραίνω make (something) bitter.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:12

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ὁ τέταρτος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ ἐπλήγη τὸ τρίτον τοῦ ἡλίου καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῆς σελήνης καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀστέρων, ἵνα σκοτισθῇ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ ἡμέρα μὴ φάνῃ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῆς καὶ ἡ νὺξ ὁμοίως.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai ho tetartos aggelos esalpisen; kai eplēgē to triton tou hēliou kai to triton tēs selēnēs kai to triton tōn asterōn, hina skotisthȩ̄ to triton autōn kai hē hēmera mē phanȩ̄ to triton autēs kai hē nyx homoiōs.

Translation (NRSV):

The fourth angel blew his trumpet, and a third of the sun was struck, and a third of the moon, and a third of the stars, so that a third of their light was darkened; a third of the day was kept from shining, and likewise the night.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

τέταρτος : fourth.
ἐπλήγη : aorist passive of πλήσσω strike.
ἥλιος : sun.
σελήνη : moon.
ἵνα : final or perhaps consecutive.
σκοτισθῇ : aorist passive subjunctive of σκοτίζω darken.
φάνῃ : aorist subjunctive of φαίνω translate show intransitive shine.
τὸ τρίτον αὐτῆς : accusative of duration, literally "for its third part", i.e. for a third of the time.
ὁμοίως : likewise.

[John Reece]

Revelation 8:13

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἤκουσα ἑνὸς ἀετοῦ πετομένου ἐν μεσουρανήματι λέγοντος φωνῇ μεγάλῃ· οὐαὶ οὐαὶ οὐαὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν φωνῶν τῆς σάλπιγγος τῶν τριῶν ἀγγέλων τῶν μελλόντων σαλπίζειν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai eidon, kai ēkousa henos aetou petomenou en mesouranēmati legontos phōnȩ̄ megalȩ̄; ouai ouai ouai tous katoikountas epi tēs gēs ek tōn loipōn phōnōn tēs salpiggos tōn triōn aggelōn tōn mellontōn salpizein.

Translation (NRSV):

Then I looked, and I heard an eagle crying with a loud voice as it flew in midheaven, “Woe, woe, woe to the inhabitants of the earth, at the blasts of the other trumpets that the three angels are about to blow!”

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἤκουσα : aorist of ἀκούω hear.
ἑνός : for τινός, a reference to someone or something indefinite.
ἀετός : eagle.
πετομένου : participle of πέτομαι fly.
μεσουράνημα, -ατος, τό : midheaven, zenith ; ἐν μεσουρανήματι high overhead.
οὐαί : alas (for!) here with accusative instead of dative.
κατοικοῦντας : participle of κατοικέω inhabit, dwell.
ἐκ : after.
ὁ λοιποί : the remaining.
σάλπιγξ, -ιγγος, ἡ : trumpet.

[John Reece]

Revelation 9:1

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ ὁ πέμπτος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν· καὶ εἶδον ἀστέρα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ πεπτωκότα εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς ἀβύσσου

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai ho pemptos aggelos esalpisen; kai eidon astera ek tou ouranou peptōkota eis tēn gēn, kai edothē autō̧ hē kleis tou phreatos tēs abyssou

Translation (NRSV):

And the fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star that had fallen from heaven to earth, and he was given the key to the shaft of the bottomless pit

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

πέμπτος : fifth.
ἐσάλπισεν : aorist of σαλπίζω sound/blow a trumpet (σάλπιγξ).
ἀστήρ, -έρος, ὁ : star.
πεπτωκότα : that had fallen, perfect participle of πίπτω fall.
ἐδόθη : aorist passive of δίδωμι give.
αὐτῷ : the star: ?a spirit?
κλείς, κλειδός, ἡ : key.
φρέαρ, -ατος, τό : well ; of any hole resembling a well, here shaft leading to the abyss.
ἄβυσσος, -ου, ἡ : abyss.

[John Reece]

Revelation 9:2

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἤνοιξεν τὸ φρέαρ τῆς ἀβύσσου, καὶ ἀνέβη καπνὸς ἐκ τοῦ φρέατος ὡς καπνὸς καμίνου μεγάλης, καὶ ἐσκοτώθη ὁ ἥλιος καὶ ὁ ἀὴρ ἐκ τοῦ καπνοῦ τοῦ φρέατος.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai ēnoixen to phrear tēs abyssou, kai anebē kapnos ek tou phreatos hōs kapnos kaminou megalēs, kai eskotōthē ho hēlios kai ho aēr ek tou kapnou tou phreatos.

Translation (NRSV):

he opened the shaft of the bottomless pit, and from the shaft rose smoke like the smoke of a great furnace, and the sun and the air were darkened with the smoke from the shaft.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἤνοιξεν : aorist of ἀνοίγω open.
ἀνέβη : ἀναβαίνω go up, ascend.
καπνός : smoke.
κάμινος : oven, furnace.
ἐσκοτώθη : aorist passive of σκοτόω to darken.
ἥλιος : sun.
ἀήρ, -έρος, ὁ : air.

[John Reece]

Revelation 9:3

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἐκ τοῦ καπνοῦ ἐξῆλθον ἀκρίδες εἰς τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἐδόθη αὐταῖς ἐξουσία ὡς ἔχουσιν ἐξουσίαν οἱ σκορπίοι τῆς γῆς.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai ek tou kapnou exēlthon akrides eis tēn gēn, kai edothē autais exousia hōs echousin exousian hoi skorpioi tēs gēs.

Translation (NRSV):

Then from the smoke came locusts on the earth, and they were given authority like the authority of scorpions of the earth.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἀκρίς, -ίδος, ἡ : locust.
σκορπίος : scorpion.

[John Reece]

Revelation 9:4

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἐρρέθη αὐταῖς ἵνα μὴ ἀδικήσουσιν τὸν χόρτον τῆς γῆς οὐδὲ πᾶν χλωρὸν οὐδὲ πᾶν δένδρον, εἰ μὴ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους οἵτινες οὐκ ἔχουσι τὴν σφραγῖδα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ τῶν μετώπων.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai errethē autais hina mē adikēsousin ton chorton tēs gēs oude pan chlōron oude pan dendron, ei mē tous anthrōpous hoitines ouk echousi tēn sphragida tou theou epi tōn metōpōn.

Translation (NRSV):

They were told not to damage the grass of the earth or any green growth or any tree, but only those people who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context): ἐρρέθη αὐταῖς they were told.[/b]

ἐρρέθη : aorist passive of λέγω: they were told.
ἵνα : for objective infinitive.
ἀδικήσουσιν : future of ἀδικέω injure. harm ; future for aorist subjunctive after ἵνα.
χόρτος : grass.
δένδρον : tree.
εἰ μή : except ; in Aramaic ella which also means but : the sense required here.
οἵτινες : such as.
σφραγίς, -ῖδος, ἡ : seal.
μέτωπον : forehead.

[John Reece]

Revelation 9:5

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἵνα μὴ ἀποκτείνωσιν αὐτούς, ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα βασανισθήσονται μῆνας πέντε, καὶ ὁ βασανισμὸς αὐτῶν ὡς βασανισμὸς σκορπίου ὅταν παίσῃ ἄνθρωπον.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai edothē autois hina mē apokteinōsin autous, all’ hina basanisthēsontai mēnas pente, kai ho basanismos autōn hōs basanismos skorpiou hotan paisȩ̄ anthrōpon.

Translation (NRSV):

They were allowed to torture them for five months, but not to kill them, and their torture was like the torture of a scorpion when it stings someone.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ἐδόθη : aorist passive of δίδωμι give (sc. e.g., ἐξουσία) ; ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς ἵνα μὴ...ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα... it was granted them not to...but to....
ἀποκτείνωσιν : aorist (or present) subjunctive of ἀποκτείνω kill.
βασανισθήσονται : future passive of βασανίζω torture (< βάσανος originally touchstone for proving gold) examine by torture, hence generally torture.
μήν, μηνός, ὁ : month.
πέντε = 5.
βασανισμός : torture.
παίσῃ : aorist subjunctive of παίω hit ; of an insect, sting.

[John Reece]

Revelation 9:6

Text: (NA27):

καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ζητήσουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸν θάνατον καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρήσουσιν αὐτόν, καὶ ἐπιθυμήσουσιν ἀποθανεῖν καὶ φεύγει ὁ θάνατος ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν.

Transliteration (Accordance):

kai en tais hēmerais ekeinais zētēsousin hoi anthrōpoi ton thanaton kai ou mē heurēsousin auton, kai epithymēsousin apothanein kai pheugei ho thanatos ap’ autōn.

Translation (NRSV):

And in those days people will seek death but will not find it; they will long to die, but death will flee from them.

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ζητήσουσιν : future of ζητέω seek.
οὐ μὴ εὑρήσουσιν : (future of εὑρίσκω find) for aorist subjunctive, emphatic negation of future action.
ἐπιθυμήσουσιν : future of ἐπιθυμέω desire, long.
ἀποθανεῖν : aorist infinitive of ἀποθνῄσκω die.
φεύγω ἀπό : flee from, elude.

[John Reece]

Revelation 9:7

Text: (NA27):

Καὶ τὰ ὁμοιώματα τῶν ἀκρίδων ὅμοια ἵπποις ἡτοιμασμένοις εἰς πόλεμον, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν ὡς στέφανοι ὅμοιοι χρυσῷ, καὶ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν ὡς πρόσωπα ἀνθρώπων

Transliteration (Accordance):

Kai ta homoiōmata tōn akridōn homoia hippois hētoimasmenois eis polemon, kai epi tas kephalas autōn hōs stephanoi homoioi chrysō̧, kai ta prosōpa autōn hōs prosōpa anthrōpōn

Translation (NRSV):

In appearance the locusts were like horses equipped for battle. On their heads were what looked like crowns of gold; their faces were like human faces

Grammatical Analysis (Zerwick/BDAG, meanings in this context):

ὁμοίωμα : appearance, form ; τὰ ὁμοιώματα τῶν ἀκρίδων ὅμοια... in form the locusts resembled...
ὅμοιος : like.
ἵππος : horse.
ἡτοιμασμένοις : ready, prepared perfect passive participle reflexive of ἑτοιμάζω get ready, prepare.
πόλεμος : war.
στέφανος : crown.
χρυσός : gold.