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This is where we come to delve into the biblical text. Theology is not our foremost thought, but we realize it is something that will be dealt with in nearly every conversation. Feel free to use the original languages to make your point (meaning Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic). This is an exegetical discussion area, so please limit topics to purely biblical ones.

This is not the section for debates between theists and atheists. While a theistic viewpoint is not required for discussion in this area, discussion does presuppose a respect for the integrity of the Biblical text (or the willingness to accept such a presupposition for discussion purposes) and a respect for the integrity of the faith of others and a lack of an agenda to undermine the faith of others.

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Daniel: Hebrew and Aramaic

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  • #31
    Daniel 1:11a (Hebrew)

    Text (BHS):
    וַיֹּאמֶר דָּנִיֵּאל אֶל־הַמֶּלְצַר

    Transliteration (Accordance):
    wayyōʾmer dānı̂ēʾl ʾel-hammelṣar

    Translation (Collins):
    Daniel said to the superintendent

    Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
    וַיֹּאמֶר דָּנִיֵּאל (wayyōʾmer dānı̂ēʾl) : consecutive ו (waw) + Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of אָמַר (ʾāmar) + proper name דָּנִיֵּאל (dānı̂ēʾl) : then Daniel said.
    אֶל־הַמֶּלְצַר (ʾel-hammelṣar) : preposition אֶל (ʾel) + definite article + noun מֶלְצַר (melṣar) : to the superintendent.

    Comment


    • #32
      Daniel 1:11b (Hebrew)

      Text (BHS):
      אֲשֶׁר מִנָּה שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים

      Transliteration (Accordance):
      ʾᵃšer minnā śar hassārı̂sı̂m

      Translation (Collins):
      whom the chief of the eunuchs had appointed

      Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
      אֲשֶׁר מִנָּה (ʾᵃšer minnā) : relative אֲשֶׁר (ʾᵃšer) + Piel perfect 3 m.s. of מָנָה (mānāh) : whom ... had appointed.
      שַׂר (śar) : construct : the chief of.
      הַסָּרִיסִים (hassārı̂sı̂m) : definite article + plural of סָרִיס (sārı̂s) : the eunuchs.

      Comment


      • #33
        Daniel 1:11c (Hebrew)

        Text (BHS):
        עַל־דָּנִיֵּאל חֲנַנְיָה מִישָׁאֵל וַעֲזַרְיָה

        Transliteration (Accordance):
        ʿal-dānı̂ēʾl ḥᵃnanyāh mı̂šāʾēl waʿᵃzaryāh

        Translation (Collins):
        over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah

        Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
        עַל־דָּנִיֵּאל (ʿal-dānı̂ēʾl) : preposition עַל (ʿal) + proper name דָּנִיֵּאל (dānı̂ēʾl) : over Daniel.
        חֲנַנְיָה (ḥᵃnanyāh) : Hananiah.
        מִישָׁאֵל (mı̂šāʾēl ) : Mishael.
        וַעֲזַרְיָה (waʿᵃzaryāh ) : conjunction ו (waw) + proper name : and Azariah.

        Comment


        • #34
          Daniel 1:12a (Hebrew)

          Text (BHS):
          נַס־נָא אֶת־עֲבָדֶיךָ יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה

          Transliteration (Accordance):
          nas-nāʾ ʾeṯ-ʿᵃḇāḏêḵā yāmı̂m ʿᵃśārāh

          Translation (Collins):
          Please test your servants for ten days.

          Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
          נַס־נָא (nas-nāʾ) : Piel imperative 2 m.s. of נָסָה (nāsāh) + particle of entreaty נָא (nāʾ) : test, please.
          אֶת־עֲבָדֶיךָ (ʾeṯ-ʿᵃḇāḏêḵā) : direct object indicator אֶת (ʾeṯ) + plural of עֶבֶד (ʿeḇeḏ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : your servants.
          יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה (yāmı̂m ʿᵃśārāh) : plural of יוֹם (yôm) + numeral עֲשָׂרָה (ʿᵃśārāh) : ten days.

          Comment


          • #35
            Daniel 1:12b (Hebrew)

            Text (BHS):
            וְיִתְּנוּ־לָנוּ מִן־הַזֵּרֹעִים וְנֹאכְלָה וּמַיִם וְנִשְׁתֶּה

            Transliteration (Accordance):
            wᵉyittᵉnû-lānû min-hazzērōʿı̂m wᵉnōʾḵlāh ûmayim wᵉništeh

            Translation (Collins):
            Let us have some vegetables to eat and some water to drink.

            Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
            וְיִתְּנוּ־לָנוּ (wᵉyittᵉnû-lānû) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Qal imperfect 3 m.p. of נָתַן (nāṯan) + preposition לְ (lᵉ) + pronominal 1 c.p. suffix : and let be given to us.
            מִן־הַזֵּרֹעִים (min-hazzērōʿı̂m) : preposition מִן (min) + definite article + plural of זֵרֹעַ (zērōaʿ) : some vegetables.
            וְנֹאכְלָה (wᵉnōʾḵlāh) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Qal imperfect 1 c.p. of אָכַל (ʾāḵal) + cohortative ה (h) : to eat.
            וּמַיִם (ûmayim) : conjunction וּ (û) + noun מַיִם (mayim) : and water.
            וְנִשְׁתֶּה (wᵉništeh) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + Qal imperfect 1 c.p. of שָׁתָה (šāṯāh) + cohortative ה (h) : to drink.

            Comment


            • #36
              Daniel 1:13a (Hebrew)

              Text (BHS):
              וְיֵרָאוּ לְפָנֶיךָ מַרְאֵינוּ

              Transliteration (Accordance):
              wᵉyērāʾû lᵉp̱ānêḵā marʾênû

              Translation (WEB):
              Then let our faces be looked on before you

              Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
              וְיֵרָאוּ (wᵉyērāʾû) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + Niphal imperfect 3 m.p. of רָאָה (rāʾāh) : then let ... be looked on.
              לְפָנֶיךָ (lᵉp̱ānêḵā) : prep. לְ (lᵉ) + plural of פָּנֶה (pāneh) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : before you.
              מַרְאֵינוּ (marʾênû) : noun מַרְאָה (marʾāh) + 1 c.p. suffix : our appearance.

              Comment


              • #37
                Daniel 1:13b (Hebrew)

                Text (BHS):
                וּמַרְאֵה הַיְלָדִים הָאֹכְלִים אֵת פַּתְבַּג הַמֶּלֶךְ

                Transliteration (Accordance):
                ûmarʾêh hayᵉlāḏı̂m hāʾōḵᵉlı̂m ʾēṯ paṯbag̱ hammeleḵ

                Translation (Collins):
                and the appearance of the youths who eat the royal fare

                Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                וּמַרְאֵה (ûmarʾêh) : conj. וּ (û) + construct מַרְאֵה (marʾêh) : and the appearance of
                הַיְלָדִים (hayᵉlāḏı̂m) : definite article + plural of יֶלֶד (yeleḏ) : the youths.
                הָאֹכְלִים (hāʾōḵᵉlı̂m) : definite article + Qal m.p. participle of אָכַל (ʾāḵal) : who eat.
                אֵת פַּתְבַּג (ʾēṯ paṯbag̱) : direct object indicator אֵת (ʾēṯ) + construct of פַתְּבָּג (p̱attᵉbāg̱) : the special food of.
                הַמֶּלֶךְ (hammeleḵ) : definite article + noun מֶלֶךְ (meleḵ) : the king.

                Comment


                • #38
                  Daniel 1:13c (Hebrew)

                  Text (BHS):
                  וְכַאֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֵה עֲשֵׂה עִם־עֲבָדֶיךָ

                  Transliteration (Accordance):
                  wᵉḵaʾᵃšer tirʾêh ʿᵃśêh ʿim-ʿᵃḇāḏêḵā

                  Translation (Collins):
                  and do with your servants according to what you see

                  Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                  וְכַאֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֵה (wᵉḵaʾᵃšer tirʾêh) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + prep. כְּ (kᵉ) + relative אֲשֶׁר (ʾᵃšer) + Qal imperfect 2 m.s. of רָאָה (rāʾāh) : and according to what you see.
                  עֲשֵׂה (ʿᵃśêh) : Qal imperative 2 m.s. of עָשָׂה (ʿāśāh) : do.
                  עִם־עֲבָדֶיךָ (ʿim-ʿᵃḇāḏêḵā) : prep. עִם (ʿim) + noun עֶבֶד (ʿeḇeḏ) + pronominal 2 m.s. suffix : with your servants.

                  Comment


                  • #39
                    Daniel 1:14a (Hebrew)

                    Text (BHS):
                    וַיִּשְׁמַע לָהֶם לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה

                    Transliteration (Accordance):
                    wayyišmaʿ lāhem laddāḇār hazzeh

                    Translation (Collins):
                    He acceded to their request in this matter

                    Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                    וַיִּשְׁמַע (wayyišmaʿ) : consecutive ו (waw) + Qal imperfect 3 m.p. of שָׁמַע (šāmaʿ) : and he assented.
                    לָהֶם (lāhem) : prep. לְ (lᵉ) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : to them.
                    לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה (laddāḇār hazzeh) : prep. לְ (lᵉ) + definite article + noun דָּבָר (dāḇār) + definite article + demonstrative adjective זֶּה (zeh) : in this matter.

                    Comment


                    • #40
                      Daniel 1:14b (Hebrew)

                      Text (BHS):
                      וַיְנַסֵּם יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה

                      Transliteration (Accordance):
                      wayᵉnassēm yāmı̂m ʿᵃśārāh

                      Translation (Collins):
                      and he tested them for ten days

                      Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                      וַיְנַסֵּם (wayᵉnassēm) : consecutive ו (waw) + Piel imperfect 3 m.s. of נָסָה (nāsāh) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : and he tested them.
                      יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה (yāmı̂m ʿᵃśārāh) : plural of יוֹם (yôm) + numeral עֲשָׂרָה (ʿᵃśārāh) : ten days.

                      Comment


                      • #41
                        Daniel 1:15a (Hebrew)

                        Text (BHS):
                        וּמִקְצָת יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה נִרְאָה מַרְאֵיהֶם טוֹב

                        Transliteration (Accordance):
                        ûmiqṣāṯ yāmı̂m ʿᵃśārāh nirʾāh marʾêhem ṭôḇ

                        Translation (Collins):
                        After ten days their appearance was better

                        Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                        וּמִקְצָת (ûmiqṣāṯ) : conj. וּ (û) + prep. מִן (min) + construct קְצָת (qᵉṣāṯ) : at the end of.
                        יָמִים עֲשָׂרָה (yāmı̂m ʿᵃśārāh) : plural of יוֹם (yôm) + numeral עֲשָׂרָה (ʿᵃśārāh) : ten days.
                        נִרְאָה (nirʾāh) : Niphal perfect 3 m.s of רָאָה (rāʾāh) : [their appearance] was seen.
                        מַרְאֵיהֶם (marʾêhem) + prep. מִן (min) + noun מַרְאָה (marʾāh) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : their appearance.
                        טוֹב (ṭôḇ) : comparative after מִן (min) [above] : [as] better.

                        Comment


                        • #42
                          Daniel 1:15b (Hebrew)

                          Text (BHS):
                          וּבְרִיאֵי בָּשָׂר מִן־כָּל־הַיְלָדִים הָאֹכְלִים אֵת פַּתְבַּג הַמֶּלֶךְ

                          Transliteration (Accordance):
                          ûḇᵉrı̂ʾê bāśār min-kol-hayᵉlāḏı̂m hāʾōḵᵉlı̂m ʾēṯ paṯbag̱ hammeleḵ

                          Translation (Collins):
                          and they were fatter than all the youths who ate the royal fare

                          Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                          וּבְרִיאֵי (ûḇᵉrı̂ʾê) : conj. וּ (û) + plural construct of בָּרִיא (bārı̂ʾ) : and [they were] fatter of.
                          בָּשָׂר (bāśār) : flesh.
                          מִן־כָּל (min-kol) : prep. מִן (min) + construct of כֹּל (kōl) : than all.
                          הַיְלָדִים (hayᵉlāḏı̂m) : definite article + plural of יֶלֶד (yeleḏ) : the youths.
                          הָאֹכְלִים (hāʾōḵᵉlı̂m) : definite article + Qal m.p. participle of אָכַל (ʾāḵal) : who ate.
                          אֵת פַּתְבַּג (ʾēṯ paṯbag̱) : direct object indicator אֵת (ʾēṯ) + construct of פַתְּבָּג (p̱attᵉbāg̱) : the special food of.
                          הַמֶּלֶךְ (hammeleḵ) : definite article + noun מֶלֶךְ (meleḵ) : the king.

                          Comment


                          • #43
                            Daniel 1:16a (Hebrew)

                            Text (BHS):
                            וַיְהִי הַמֶּלְצַר נֹשֵׂא אֶת־פַּתְבָּגָם

                            Transliteration (Accordance):
                            wayᵉhı̂ hammelṣar nōśēʾ ʾeṯ-paṯbāg̱ām

                            Translation (NRSV):
                            So the guard continued to withdraw their royal rations

                            Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                            וַיְהִי (wayᵉhı̂) : consecutive ו (wawı̂) + Qal imperfect 3 m.s. of הָיָה (hāyāh) : and so
                            הַמֶּלְצַר (hammelṣar) : definite article + Babylonian title מֶלְצָר (melṣar) : the overseer (HALOT).
                            נֹשֵׂא (nōśēʾ) : Qal participle of נָשָׂא (nāśāʾ) : continued to withdraw.
                            אֶת־פַּתְבָּגָם (ʾeṯ-paṯbāg̱ām) : direct object indicator + אֶת (ʾeṯ) + פַּתְבָּגָ (paṯbāg̱) + pronominal 3 m.s. suffix : their royal rations.

                            Comment


                            • #44
                              Daniel 1:16b (Hebrew)

                              Text (BHS):
                              וְיֵין מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם

                              Transliteration (Accordance):
                              wᵉyên mištêhem

                              Translation (NRSV):
                              and the wine they were to drink

                              Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                              וְיֵין מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם (wᵉyên mištêhem) : conjunction וְ (wᵉ) + construct of יַיִן (yayin) + plural of מִשְׁתֶּה (mišteh) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : and the wine of their drinks.

                              Comment


                              • #45
                                Daniel 1:16c (Hebrew)

                                Text (BHS):
                                וְנֹתֵן לָהֶם זֵרְעֹנִים

                                Transliteration (Accordance):
                                wᵉnōṯēn lāhem zērᵉʿōnı̂m

                                Translation (Collins):
                                and give them vegetables

                                Glossary & Analysis (meanings in this context):
                                וְנֹתֵן (wᵉnōṯēn) : conj. וְ (wᵉ) + Qal participle of נָתַן (nāṯan) : and give
                                לָהֶם (lāhem) : prep. לְ (lᵉ) + pronominal 3 m.p. suffix : to them.
                                זֵרְעֹנִים (zērᵉʿōnı̂m) : : vegetables.

                                Comment

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